TL;DR: Common signs include the IRS rejecting your e-filed return because one was already filed under your SSN, an unexpected IRS notice about a return you didn't file, or a notice about wages from an employer you've never worked for.
How to Report Tax Identity Theft to the IRS — a clear, step-by-step guide to what to do and how long it takes.
Step 1: Recognize the signs of tax identity theft
Common signs include the IRS rejecting your e-filed return because one was already filed under your SSN, an unexpected IRS notice about a return you didn't file, or a notice about wages from an employer you've never worked for.
Step 2: File Form 14039 (Identity Theft Affidavit)
If your e-filed return is rejected due to a duplicate filing, complete IRS Form 14039 to alert the IRS that you're a victim of tax-related identity theft.
Step 3: Continue to file your legitimate tax return
File your actual tax return by mail along with the affidavit if e-filing is blocked — don't skip filing just because of the fraud.
Step 4: Get an Identity Protection PIN
Once your case is resolved, the IRS can issue you an Identity Protection PIN (IP PIN), a six-digit number that must be used to verify your identity on future returns, preventing repeat fraud.
Step 5: Monitor for follow-up correspondence
The IRS will send confirmation and follow-up notices about your case by mail — respond promptly to any request for additional information to avoid delays in resolving it.
If this looks similar to something else you've seen, it's worth reading How to Reverse a Wire Transfer Scam.
This pattern shows up elsewhere too — see How to Reverse a Zelle Payment Sent by Mistake.
Frequently Asked Questions
Step 1: Recognize the signs of tax identity theft
Common signs include the IRS rejecting your e-filed return because one was already filed under your SSN, an unexpected IRS notice about a return you didn't file, or a notice about wages from an employer you've never worked for.
Step 2: File Form 14039 (Identity Theft Affidavit)
If your e-filed return is rejected due to a duplicate filing, complete IRS Form 14039 to alert the IRS that you're a victim of tax-related identity theft.
Step 3: Continue to file your legitimate tax return
File your actual tax return by mail along with the affidavit if e-filing is blocked — don't skip filing just because of the fraud.
Step 4: Get an Identity Protection PIN
Once your case is resolved, the IRS can issue you an Identity Protection PIN (IP PIN), a six-digit number that must be used to verify your identity on future returns, preventing repeat fraud.
Step 5: Monitor for follow-up correspondence
The IRS will send confirmation and follow-up notices about your case by mail — respond promptly to any request for additional information to avoid delays in resolving it.